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Showing posts with label Moderate. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Moderate. Show all posts

Saudi promise of ‘moderate Islam’ shifts power سعودی عرب میں تبدیلی




The man who may soon be king of Saudi Arabia is charting a new, more modern course for a country so conservative that for decades there were no concerts or film screenings and women who attempted to drive were arrested.

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FOLLOWING the rapid ascent of Mohammed bin Salman to the second-most powerful position in Saudi Arabia, a series of unprecedented changes have occurred in the desert kingdom. The young crown prince — seen as the actual power behind the throne — had earlier announced that resort islands off the Red Sea coast would be developed, where the strict religious laws of the kingdom would not apply. He had also recently said that the ban on women drivers would soon be phased out. And the latest in this series of declarations came on Oct 24, when the prince announced the launch of NEOM, a $500bn mega project on Saudi Arabia’s north-western tip. Bin Salman has dubbed this bizarre dream “the first capitalist city in the world. ...” where Saudi law will, again, not be applicable. Along with these futuristic visions, the crown prince has talked of returning his country to ‘moderate Islam’.

From these pronouncements, it appears that bin Salman is embarking on a nation-building project, using a mix of social engineering and authoritarianism to fashion a new, ‘liberal’ Saudi Arabia. However, some things must be considered if the Saudi establishment is serious about changing direction. Firstly, opening nightclubs, beach resorts and allowing concerts, yet at the same time smothering all dissent and criticism, does not translate to a liberal setup. While the prince has announced these ambitious projects, his government has also intensified repression of critics, real and imagined. Over the past few months, clerics, activists and members of civil society have been rounded up by the security apparatus. Even some dissenting members of the royal family have reportedly been detained. For a truly pluralistic sociopolitical setup, people must be allowed to criticise their government, assemble peacefully and discuss ideas openly without fear. Secondly, it is a fact that at its core Saudi Arabia remains a tribal, conservative society. Therefore, any attempts at change must be incremental and, most importantly, should take the population on board. It should be remembered that the 1979 seizure of Makkah’s Masjid al-Haram by religious zealots was triggered by their apprehensions that the House of Saud was not ‘pious’ enough. Much of Saudi society — mainly because of the royal family’s patronage of hard-line clerics and their influence on the education system — may resist high-speed changes that threaten to undo social and religious structures. Therefore, for the sake of stability, the Saudi rulers need to progress steadily but carefully. [Editorial Dawn ]
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Since catapulting to power with the support of his father, the king, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has pushed forth changes that could usher in a new era for one of the United States’ most important allies and swing the kingdom away from decades of ultraconservative dogma and restrictions. He’s introduced musical concerts and movies again and is seen as the force behind the king’s decision to grant women the right to drive as of next year.

Opposition to the changes has so far been muted, but some critics of the prince have been detained. When social openings in the kingdom were taking place four decades ago, Sunni extremists opposed to the monarchy laid siege to Islam’s holiest site in Makkah.

Prince Mohammed’s agenda is upending the ruling Al Saud’s long-standing alliance with the kingdom’s clerical establishment in favour of synchronising with a more cosmopolitan, global capitalism that appeals to international investors and maybe even non-Muslim tourists.

The prince grabbed headlines in recent days by vowing a return to “moderate Islam”. He also suggested that his father’s generation had steered the country down a problematic path and that it was time to “get rid of it”.

In his sweeping “Vision 2030” plan to wean Saudi Arabia off of its near total dependence on petrodollars, Prince Mohammed laid out a vision for “a tolerant country with Islam as its constitution and moderation as its method”.

Prince Mohammed, or MBS as he is widely known, used a rare public appearance on stage at a major investor conference in the capital, Riyadh, this week to drive home that message to a global audience.

“We only want to go back to what we were: moderate Islam that is open to the world, open to all religions,” he said in the ornate grand hall of the Ritz-Carlton. “We will not waste 30 years of our lives in dealing with extremist ideas. We will destroy them today.”

His remarks were met with applause and a front-page article in the Britain’s Guardian newspaper. In expanded remarks to the paper, the 32-year-old prince said that successive Saudi monarchs “didn’t know how to deal with” Iran’s 1979 revolution that brought to power a clerical Shia leadership still in place today.

That same year Saudi rulers weathered a stunning blow: Sunni extremists laid siege to Islam’s holiest site in Makkah for 15 days. The attack was carried out by militants opposed to social openings taking place at the time, seeing them as Western and un-Islamic.

Indeed, Sunni extremists have used the intolerant views propagated by the ideology known as Wahhabism to justify violence against others. Wahhabism has governed life in Saudi Arabia since its foundation 85 years ago.

The ruling Al Saud responded to the events of 1979 by empowering the state’s ultraconservatives. To hedge the international appeal of Iran’s Shia revolution, the government backed efforts to export the kingdom’s foundational Wahhabi ideology abroad.

To appease a sizeable conservative segment of the population at home, cinemas were shuttered, women were banned from appearing on state television and the religious police were emboldened.

Much is now changing under the crown prince as he consolidates greater powers and prepares to inherit the throne.

There are plans to build a Six Flags theme park and a semi-autonomous Red Sea tourist destination where the strict rules on women’s dress will likely not apply. Females have greater access to sports, the powers of the once-feared religious police have been curtailed and restrictions on gender segregation are being eased.

Unlike previous Saudi monarchs, such as King Abdullah who backed gradual and cautious openings, Prince Mohammed is moving quickly.

More than half of Saudi Arabia’s 20 million citizens are below the age of 25, meaning millions of young Saudis will be entering the workforce in the coming decade. The government is urgently trying to create more jobs and ward off the kinds of grievances that sparked uprisings in other Arab countries where unemployment is rampant and citizens have little say in government.

The prince has to find solutions now for the problems he is set to inherit as monarch.

“What MBS is doing is a must requirement for any kind of economic reform. Economic reform requires a new Protestant ethic if you will, a new brand of Islam,” said Maamoun Fandy, director of the London Global Strategy Institute.

This new Saudi version of “moderate Islam” can be understood as one that is amenable to economic reforms; it does not close shops at prayer time or banish women from public life, Fandy said.

In other words, Saudi Arabia’s economic reforms require social reforms to succeed.

Buzz words like “reform”, “transparency” and “accountability” all used by the prince in his promotion of Vision 2030 do not, however, mean that Saudi Arabia is moving toward greater liberalism, democracy, pluralism or freedom of speech.

The government does not grant licences to non-Muslim houses of worship, and limits those of its Shia Muslim citizens.

The prince has also made no mention of human rights concerns. If anything, dozens of the prince’s perceived critics have been detained in a warning to others who dare to speak out.

Some of those arrested were seen as critics of his foreign policies, which include severing ties with Qatar, increasing tensions with Iran and overseeing air strikes in Yemen that have killed scores of civilians and drawn sharp condemnation from rights groups and some in Washington.

Meanwhile, Prince Mohammed faces a Saudi public that remains religiously conservative. That means he still needs public support from the state’s top clerics in order to position his reforms as Islamic and religiously permissible.

These clerics, many of whom had spoken out in the past against women working and driving, appear unwilling or unable to publicly criticise the moves. In this absolute monarchy, the king holds final say on most matters and the public has shown it is welcoming the changes.—AP
Read .. Wahabism 
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism By Aya Batrawy, www.dawn.com
https://www.dawn.com/news/1366867/saudi-promise-of-moderate-islam-shifts-power

What are the differences between Ottoman Islam and Arabic Islam?
Ottoman Empire was not a secular state but it was also not a state which was ruled by sharia laws.
Now, “arabic islam” is a loose definition. But if we have to compare it, we can compare it to islam of today’s saudi arabia to highlight the contrast.
In Ottoman Empire, religion was used as a unifying tool, it was very practical. And supposedly local judges (Kadı(s)) followed sharia but again this was mostly nominal; for example, alcohol was legal in Ottoman Empire, kadıs could not punish someone for drinking.
Also, religious hierarchy followed a pattern similar to eastern roman empire. Highest religious authority was Şeyh-ül İslam who was also part of The Imperial Council (Divan-ı Hümayun) but his authority was below Padişah (sultan, emperor, khan whatever you want to call it) just like patriarchs authority being below basileus in Roman Empire. Nominally, Padişah needed decree of Şeyh-ül İslam for certain actions but they always gave permission, in cases they tried to oppose, they would simply be replaced by a new Şeyh-ül İslam.
Moreover Ottomans had lots of secular laws besides Sharia such as Atam-Dedem Kanunları (literally meanins laws of the forefathers) derived from turkish traditions. Non-muslims were not subject to same civil laws as muslims; Ecumenical Patriarch of Konstantiniyye was responsible of orthodox christian subjects concerning civil laws for example.

Also, Janissary Order, world’s first standing army in modern sense, elit troops of the Empire, were members of Sufii Dervish Order which significantly diverges from Sunni Islam. Ottoman Dynasty was Sunni muslim just like Sauds but Saudi Arabia follows wahhabism which is the most strict form of Sunni Islam. On the other hand, Ottoman dynasty’s şehzades (princes) would become a member of Janissary Order once they are of age. The ceremony in which princes enter into the order includes an oath that is obviously non-sunni traditions such as pledging in the name of Ali etc….
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سعودی عرب کے ولی عہد محمد بن سلمان کا کہنا ہے کہ وہ سعودی عرب میں ’معتدل اسلام کی واپسی‘ کے لیے کوشاں ہیں۔
یہ بات انھوں نے منگل کو اقتصادیات امور کی ایک کانفرنس کے دوران کہی جو کہ العریبیہ ٹی وی پر براہِ راست دکھائی گئی۔
محمد بن سلمان کا کہنا تھا کہ ’سعودی عرب 1979 سے پہلے ایسا نہیں تھا۔ سعودی عرب اور پورے خطے میں مختلف وجوہات کے لیے 1979 کے بعد سے الصحوہ (آگاہی) کی ایک تحریک چلائی گئی۔‘
ان کا کہنا تھا کہ ’ہم اپنی زندگیوں کے آئندہ 30 سال ان تباہ کن عناصر کی نذر نہیں ہونے دیں گے۔ ہم انتہا پسندی کو جلد ہی ختم کردیں گے۔‘
شہزادہ محمد بن سلمان کا کہنا تھا کہ ’ہم پہلے ایسے نہیں تھے۔ ہم اس جانب واپس جا رہے ہیں جیسے ہم پہلے تھے، ایسا اسلام جو کہ معتدل ہے، اور جس میں دنیا اور دیگر مذاہب کے لیے جگہ ہو۔‘
یاد رہے کہ حال ہی میں سعودی عرب کے بادشاہ شاہ سلمان نے شاہی فرمان جاری کیا تھا جس میں خواتین کو ملک میں پہلی بار گاڑی چلانے کی اجازت دی گئی ہے۔
شاہی فرمان کے مطابق متعلقہ وزارت اس بارے میں ایک ماہ میں تجاویز دے گی اور یہ حکم 24 جون 2018 تک ہر صورت میں نافذالعمل ہو جائے گا۔
http://www.bbc.com/urdu/world-41745064

کیا سعودی عرب میں تبدیلی آ رہی ہے؟

اگر آپ کسی سے سعودی عرب میں تبدیلی کے بارے میں پوچھیں تو وہ کہیں گے: تبدیلی آئے گی، لیکن اپنے وقت پر۔
اس کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ اس کام میں سالہاسال لگ سکتے ہیں تاہم خود سعودیوں کو مہینوں میں تبدیلیوں کی امید ہے۔
ریاض میں ایک کامیاب سعودی تاجر خاتون نے مجھ سے کہا: 'میں نے ایک مرد شریکِ کار سے شرط لگائی تھی کہ عورتوں کی ڈرائیونگ پر پابندی اس سال کے پہلے چھ ماہ میں اٹھ جائے گی، اور انھوں نے کہا کہ دوسرے ششماہی میں۔
'لیکن اب میرا خیال ہے کہ یہ پابندی اگلے سال کے شروع میں ہٹے گی، اور اس کا اطلاق صرف 40 سال سے زیادہ عمر کی خواتین پر ہو گا۔'
ریاض کے شاہی حلقوں میں بھی ایسی ہی پیشنگوئیاں گردش کر رہی ہیں۔ بعض یہ بھی کہتے ہیں کہ نوجوان خواتین کو بھی جلد ہی اجازت مل جائے گی۔
سعودی عرب جیسے کٹر قدامت پسند معاشرے کے ہر شعبے میں تبدیلی سست رفتاری سے آتی ہے جہاں مذہبی حکام انتہائی اثر و رسوخ کے حامل ہوتے ہیں اور بہت سے سعودی اپنے موجودہ طرزِ زندگی سے چمٹے رہنا چاہتے ہیں۔
لیکن اس کے باوجود تبدیلی آ رہی ہے اور اس کا اثر حکمرانوں اور معاشرے دونوں پر ہو رہا ہے۔
ریاض میں گلف ریسرچ سینٹر کے جان سفاکیاناکس کہتے ہیں: 'وقت بہت کم رہ گیا ہے۔'
چند سال قبل سیاہ سونا کہلانے والے سعودی تیل کی فروخت سے آنے والا منافع آدھا ہو کر رہ گیا ہے، جس کا اثر زندگی کے مختلف شعبوں پر پڑ رہا ہے۔
تیل کا کارخانہ

سعودی عرب کی 90 فیصد آمدن تیل سے ہوتی ہے
سفاکیاناکس کہتے ہیں: 'یہ تیل عشروں سے انجن کا کام کر رہا تھا۔ لیکن اب بہت سے انجنوں کی ضرورت ہے۔'
اس مقصد کے حصول کے لیے سعودی حکومت نے گذشتہ برس وژن 2030 نامی منصوبہ تیار کیا تھا۔
اس کی باگ ڈور 31 سالہ نائب ولی عہد شہزادہ محمد بن سلمان کو سونپی گئی ہے، جنھوں نے دنیا کی بہترین ایجنسیوں سے کہا ہے کہ وہ منصوبے اور تصورات پیش کریں۔
ملک کے بااثر وزیر برائے تیل خالد الفالح کہتے ہیں کہ 'وژن 2030 انتہائی اہم ہے۔'
سرکاری نوکریوں میں بھاری تنخواہیں اور پرتعیش مراعات ختم کر دی گئی ہیں۔ نجی شعبے سے توقع ہے کہ معیشت کی نمو میں وہ بڑا کردار ادا کرے۔ لیکن ابھی اس کی رفتار سست ہے۔
ایک سعودی نے نام ظاہر کیے بغیر بتایا: 'بہت مشکل نظر آ رہا ہے کہ وژن 2030 اپنی منزل تک 2030 میں پہنچ جائے۔ تاہم کم از کم کوئی وژن ہے تو سہی۔'

وژن 2030 کا ایک مقصد نجی شعبے کو تقویت دینا ہے
نوجوان شہزادے کو معلوم ہے کہ ایک اور گھڑی بھی چل رہی ہے جو تبدیلی لانے کے لیے دباؤ بڑھا رہی ہے۔
دو تہائی سعودی ان کی عمر کے یا ان سے چھوٹے ہیں۔
شاہ عبداللہ کے تعلیمی وظائف کے پروگرام کے تحت لاکھوں نوجوان سعودی مغربی تعلیمی اداروں سے فارغ التحصیل ہو کر ملک واپس لوٹ رہے ہیں۔
ایک طرف تو وہ نوکریوں کی تلاش میں ہیں، دوسری طرف انھیں ایک ایسے معاشرے کا سامنا ہے جہاں سینماؤں پر پابندی ہے اور ریستورانوں میں مردوں اور عورتوں کے لیے الگ حصے ہیں۔
تاہم تبدیلی کی سمت میں قدم اٹھائے جا رہے ہیں۔
اب گلیوں میں بدنامِ زمانہ مطوع نامی مذہبی پولیس نظر نہیں آتی جن کا مشن 'برائی کو روکنا اور نیکی کو فروغ دینا' تھا اور جو اکثر اوقات اپنی حد سے تجاوز کرتی تھی۔ ان کے خاتمے کا سہرا ولی عہد کے سر باندھا جا رہا ہے۔
ریاض کے امیر شہری کہتے ہیں کہ شہر میں کچھ ایسے ریستوران کھل گئے ہیں جہاں زنانہ مردانہ شعبوں کا زیادہ سختی سے خیال نہیں رکھا جاتا اور وہاں تیز موسیقی بجتی رہتی ہے۔
میں ولید السعدان سے ایک صحرائی ریس کے موقعے پر ملی۔ وہ کہتے ہیں: 'ہم چاہتے ہیں کہ عورتیں گاڑیاں چلائیں اور سینیما کھلیں۔'
صحرا میں گاڑیوں کی ریس ایک ایسی سنسنی ہے جس سے سعودی قانونی طور پر لطف اندوز ہو سکتے ہیں۔

دو تہائی سعودیوں کی عمر 30 برس سے کم ہے
لیکن یہاں بھی صرف مرد ہی اپنی فور وہیل اور ایس یو وی گاڑیوں میں دیکھے جا سکتے ہیں۔
'عمومی تفریحی محکمہ' نامی ایک اور محکمہ یہاں سرگرمِ عمل ہے۔ لیکن اپنے نام کے باوجود اس محکمے کی کوشش ہے سعودی چند حدود کے اندر زندگیوں سے لطف اندوز ہوں۔
محکمے کے چیئرمین احمد الخطیب کہتے ہیں: 'میرا مشن لوگوں کو خوش و خرم دیکھنا ہے۔'
انھوں نے بڑی محنت سے سال بھر میں 80 کے قریب میلے، آتش بازی کے ایونٹ، موسیقی کے شو اور دوسرے مواقع ڈھونڈے ہیں جہاں لوگوں کو تفریح فراہم کی جا سکتی ہے اور جن پر تنقید بھی نہ ہو سکے۔
انھوں نے بڑے محتاط انداز میں مجھے بتایا: 'ہم زیادہ لوگوں کو زیادہ مواقع فراہم کرنا چاہتے ہیں، ہم قدامت پسند لوگوں کو بھی سرگرمیوں سے متعارف کروانا چاہتے ہیں۔'

بہت سے سعودی نوجوان مغربی اداروں میں پڑھ کر لوٹے ہیں
ایک سعودی ٹور آپریٹر گلہ کرتے ہیں کہ 'سعودی ہر سال 70 ارب ریال باہر کے ملکوں میں چھٹیاں منا کر خرچ کر ڈالتے ہیں۔' ان کی کوشش ہے کہ وہ سعودی عرب میں بھی دبئی یا لندن کی طرح سہولتیں فراہم کریں تاکہ لوگ باہر نہ جائیں۔
عورتوں کو گاڑیاں چلانے کی اجازت دینا سماجی کے ساتھ ساتھ معاشی مسئلہ بھی ہے۔ مطالعہ جات سے معلوم ہوا ہے کہ اگر عورتیں گاڑیاں چلانے لگیں تو اس سے معیشت کو خاصی تقویت ملے گی۔
تاہم سیاسی اصلاحات، انسانی حقوق کا ریکارڈ اور عورتوں کی زندگیوں پر پابندیاں ایسے معاملات ہیں جن پر کوئی بات نہیں کر رہا۔
یہ ایک ایسا ملک ہے جہاں ہمیشہ سے لوگ سستے پیٹرول، بغیر ٹیکس دیے اور مفت پانی اور بجلی کے عادی رہے ہیں۔
تاہم اب ٹیکس عائد کیے جا رہے ہیں، جس کی وجہ سے اب سعودیوں کو اپنی آمدن پر نظر رکھنا پڑ رہی ہے۔

صحرا میں گاڑیوں کی ریس ایک ایسی سنسنی ہے جس سے سعودی قانونی طور پر لطف اندوز ہو سکتے ہیں
نادیہ الہذی انجینیئر ہیں جو پہلے تیل کی صنعت میں کام کرتی تھیں اور اب وژن 2030 سے وابستہ ہیں۔
وہ کہتی ہیں: 'سعودی بہت عرصے تک ہر چیز کو بہت آسان لیتے رہے ہیں۔'
وہ امریکی صدر کینیڈی کا قول دہراتی ہیں: 'یہ مت پوچھو کہ تمھارا ملک تمھارے لیے کیا کر سکتا ہے۔ یہ کہو کہ تم ملک کے لیے کیا کر سکتے ہو۔'
سو اب سعودیوں سے زیادہ کچھ کرنے کا مطالبہ کیا جا رہا ہے۔
سیاسی مبصر حسن یاسین کہتے ہیں: 'ہماری مثال ایسے کچھوؤں کی طرح ہے جن کے نیچے پہیے لگ گئے ہوں۔ ہم مقامی مطالبے اور21ویں صدی کے تقاضے پورے کرنے کے لیے تیزی سے حرکت کر رہے ہیں۔'
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Muslims -- Take Back Your Religion from "Hackers"

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It's high time for Muslims to take back their religion from hereditary rulers and clerics. And Muslims the world over and non-Muslims should learn more about the message of the Quran if we are to extinguish the flame of Muslim terrorism. 
Islam was essentially hijacked soon after its birth. Corrupt rulers and their supporters turned the essence of the religion--unity of God's creation, justice and freedom--on its head. The leaders lived a life of luxury, while many suffered in poverty. Today, hereditary rulers, dictators and compliant clerics have taken over the pulpit and interpret Islamic teachings to further their own interests to the detriment of all Muslims. 
They even embrace policies that directly contradict the Quran and the practice of the Prophet Mohammad. In many Muslim countries, it has become a crime to question and discuss the teachings of the Quran, discussion that the Prophet encouraged in the nascent Muslim community in Medina, even inviting questions that challenged his own decisions. Islam is a rules-based religion, with the rules outlined in the holy Quran and interpreted by the Prophet Mohammad in the brief time that he established the first Muslim community in Medina. Rules in turn provide the scaffolding for institutions. 
The discussion of the philosophical foundation of Islam is necessary for Muslims to establish the institutions envisaged in Islam. The institutions recommended in Islam are designed to enhance economic, social and political justice and progress. Although Muslims pray and uphold the Five Pillars of Islam in Muslim-majority countries, there is much more to Islam, and their societies do not convey the characteristics one would expect of a rule-compliant Muslim society; in other words, of a society that has adopted the rules and institutions that Islam recommends. In fact, many Western countries convey a higher degree of "Islamicity" than do Muslim countries. Over 100 years ago, Mohammad Abdou, one of the scholars who inspired the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood said as much: "I went to the West and saw Islam, but no Muslims; I got back to the East and saw Muslims, but no Islam." Muslim leaders must be pushed into embracing the important teachings of Islam from its fountainhead--the Holy Quran--advocating freedom, effective and just institutions, equal opportunities for all members of society, gender equality, economic and social progress, and must adopt a plan to establish representative governance and the effective institutions that are called for. 
In other words, Muslim countries should become more, not less, Islamic [my talk on Islamicity on the German Public Radio System]. If they don't, terrorists will increasingly fill the void in what are failed states created by false interpretations of the Holy Quran. Terrorists will point the finger at corrupt Muslim rulers and their Western supporters, will promise a better life, if not in this world at least in the hereafter, espousing terror as the Islamic option. Disenfranchised Muslims with little hope--in Muslim countries and in Western ghettos--will be seduced into taking up arms and following them. Today, Muslim rulers actively work to obstruct just and effective institutions, which would promote equality, prosperity and justice but would undermine their absolute rule. Yet Western leaders treat many of these same Muslim rulers as if they were enlightened. The duplicitous Western message to Muslims is clear--we espouse freedom and representative governance but we support your corrupt rulers and their harsh rule in our own self-interest. If the West is truly determined to defeat terrorism, it will require a comprehensive and thoughtful approach, much time, unprecedented international cooperation and compromise on many levels. The US, Europe, Russia, China and many more countries and peoples, including Israel, the Palestinians, the Kurds, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Syria must make sacrifices and compromises that may seem impractical. But if they don't do so quickly, the scourge of terrorism will become more insurmountable by the day and will rob humanity of everything it has achieved over centuries. There are roughly 1.5 billion Muslims in this World and their numbers are growing faster than those of any other religion. Bombs, walls and guns are not a viable option. We have to live together. The fruitful way forward must be paved with understanding and unity. [Edited]
By Hossein Askari Economist, Professor of Business and International Affairs at GW University, writer on Middle East Economies and Islamic economics-finance. Original at Source: http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/8789604

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Moderate Islam is the solution

Islam is being associated with the evil we witness around us. People in areas controlled by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) are pushed to flee and seek refuge from this evil that has befallen them. Islam has been hijacked by an evil group that speaks in the name of Muslims and dictates its religious interpretations on them.

However, religions came for the good of everyone, and for the sake of expelling evil from people’s lives. Islam came as a mercy to people, and it was the persecuted - slaves, the poor and the vulnerable - who first converted to it after it became well-known for its justice.

Political Islam
Islam has been politicized during the last three decades. The big transformation began with the Islamic revolution in Iran. It expanded after the concept of jihad was introduced in Afghanistan. It expanded further due to the use of religion as a political tool. At this point, extremists emerged and the status of moderates, who were the religious leaders of society, declined.

To save Muslims and the world, the solution is moderate Islam - that is a bigger and more important project than fighting ISIS and the cancer of extremism

Abdulrahman al-Rashed
Even today’s Salafism, which is characterized as a source of extremism and a cause of our current crisis, has nothing to do with the traditional Salafism that in the past dealt with worship and behavior.

As a result of the struggle in the Islamic arena, hardliners dominated over the moderates, then extremists dominated over the hardliners. We are now in the phase of ultra extremists. ISIS represents pure evil, which previously appeared at the beginning of Islamic history 14 centuries ago, and Muslims successfully fought it.

However, Muslims today will not win unless they fight extremists’ concept of Islam, which is pushing them to clash with the world and become enemies with Islam's different sects. The crisis will be prolonged if Muslim leaders do not adopt moderate Islam, which reformulates the life of people and society, and restores the balance that religion created to fight evil. To save Muslims and the world, the solution is moderate Islam - that is a bigger and more important project than fighting ISIS and the cancer of extremism.

This article was first published in Asharq al-Awsat on Sept. 28, 2015.